Redefining Life: The Mitochondrial Mystery and Science's Semantic Journey
The recent discussion on the nature of mitochondria and their classification as “alive” highlights a classic conundrum in biology—where do we draw the line when defining life? More broadly, it speaks to a recurring theme in scientific discourse: the tension between empirical knowledge and semantic categorization. Life as a Linguistic Construct
At the heart of this discourse lies the question of how we define life. Mitochondria, essential organelles within eukaryotic cells, are remnants of ancient bacteria that took up residence within a host cell over a billion years ago. Since the endosymbiotic event that led to mitochondria’s integration into eukaryotic cells, they have lost much of their independence. Most of their genetic information has been transferred to the host cell’s nucleus, rendering them utterly dependent on their environment. Yet, this historical nuance does not easily answer whether they are independently “alive.”